Cosmetics :- are products that can be applied on human skin or any part of the body for cleansing, beautifying, altering the appearance and are not meant to interfere with physiological competence of human skin or body. Nowadays cosmetics are present in daily life of men,women and children which includes soaps, dyes, sunscreens, bleaches, shampoos ,deodorants and make-up products etc. Cosmetic products can directly affect the skin by triggering an allergic response. Any unwanted reaction caused by a cosmetic product is termed as cosmetic allergy .It can vary from mild to severe skin reactions. Most patients initially do not show a reaction to the product but afterwards with time develop some allergic responses. Patch and prick tests can be done to detect the respective allergen. After identifying the specific allergens patients should be informed about the which products can be safely used in the future.
Introduction
According to the estimation approximately 95% of women and 75% of men have daily contact with cosmetics. According to Drug and Cosmetics Act cosmetics are defined as articles intended d, sprinkled or sprayed on, introduced into or otherwise applied to normal or previously altered human skin or any part thereof, for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering the appearance and are not intended to alter or interfere with physiological competence of human skin or body. Cosmetics are divided into two groups on basis of application.Cosmetics like creams, lotions, perfumes are left on the skin and they cause majority of hypersensitivity reactions. Some cosmetics like shampoo are rinsed off from the skin and does not affect much as they get less time for contact with skin.
But some incidence of side effects are reported after using cosmetics, which are produced by some of their components. People who have sensitive skin are found to be intolerant to various cosmetic products.Immediate skin reactions are common nowadays in dermatological practice.The side effect is defined as any unfavorable and unintended operation of the cosmetics used in normal or in other reasonably foreseeable conditions, taking into account all of the instructions for use and any other indication or information provided by the manufacturer. According to some studies it is reported that side effects occur in about 15% of people using cosmetics. Around 8-15% of contact dermatitis cases are caused by cosmetics. Five to fourteen percent of patients with eczema are allergic to cosmetic perfumes.
Allergic reactions depend on the type of chemical component of the cosmetic product and the exposure time. There exist a relation between the frequency of cosmetic applications and the development of allergies. Contact-allergic reactions of cosmetics may be immediate-type reactions (contact urticaria) or delayed-type reactions (allergic and photo-allergic contact dermatitis). An allergic contact dermatitis may sometimes spread symmetrically to other parts of body.The cosmetic allergens can reach the skin in various ways such as by direct application ;by air (vapours or droplets), by occasional contact with an allergen-contaminated surface,by the hands to more sensitive areas ( such as eyelids), or it can be photo-induced, resulting from contact with a photo-allergenor exposure to sunlight.
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